1. Mod. Un. Hist. xxxviii. 469.
2. Ibid. xxxix. 14.
3. Exod. c. 18.
4. 4 Inst. 272.
5. Ruth. c. 4.
6. Barrington's observat. on the stat. 337.
7. Stat. 17 Edw. IV. c. 2.
8. Cro. Eliz. 773.
9. Co. Litt. 58.
10. Book II. ch. 6. and ch. 22.
11. Finch. 248.
12. Stiernhook de jure Goth. l. 1. c. 2.
13. F. N. B. 3. 4. See append. No. § 2.
14. 3 Rep. Pref.
15. See append. No. I. § 3.
16. F. N. B. 4. 70. Finch. L. 444. 445.
17. F. N. B. 18.
18. Finch. l. 248. 4. Inst. 267.
19. 2 Inst. 71.
20. Vol. I. introd. § 4.
21. Centeni ex singulis pagis sunt, idque ipsum inter sous vocantur; et, quod primo numerus suit, jam nomen et honor est. Tac. de mor. Germ. c. 6.
22. de bell. Gall. l. 6. c. 22.
23. de morib. German. c. 13.
24. Stiernhook, l. 1. c. 2.
25. 4 Inst. 266.
26. 6 Edw. I.c. 8.
27. 2 Inst. 391.
28. Finch. 318. F. N. B. 152.
29. Gloss. v. cemitatas.
30. c. 11.
31. LL. Eadgari. c. 5.
32. F. N. B. 70. Finch. 445.
33. L. 3. tr. I. c.
34. Spelm. Gl. 331, 2, 3. Gilb. Hist. C. P. introd. 17.
35. See vol. I. introd. § I.
36. Mod. Un. Hist. xxiii. 396.
37. Ibid. xxix. 467.
38. 4 Inst. 99.
39. King James I, during part of his reign, appointed five judges in every court, for the benefit of a casting voice in case of a difference in opinion, and that the circuits might at all times be fully supplied with judge of the superior courts. And, in subsequent reigns, upon the permanent indisposition of a judge, a fifth has been sometimes appointed. Raym. 475.
40. 4 Inst. 73.
41. See book I. ch. 7. The king used to decide causes in person in the aula regia. "In curia domini regis ipse in propria persona jura decernit." (Dial. de Sead b. l. I. § 4.) After its dissolution, king Edward I frequently sat in the court of king's bench. (See the records cited 4 Burr. 851.) And, later times, James I is said to have sat there in person, but was informed by his judges that he could not deliver an opinion.
42. 4 Inst. 71.
43. M. 20, 21 Edw. I. Hale Hist. C. L. 200.
44. l. 3. c. 10.
45. 28 Edw. I. c. 5.
46. Finch. L. 198.
47. 4 Inst. 71.
48. Ibid. 72.
49. Thus too in the civil law: contra fictionem non admittitur probatio: quid enim efficeret probatio veritatis, ubi fictio adversus veritatem fingit? Nam fictio nihil aliud est, quam legis adversus veritatem in re possibili ex justa causa dispositio. (Gothfred. in Ff. l. 22. t. 3.)
50. 3 Rep. 30. 2 Roll. Rep. 502.
51. 11 Rep. 61. Co. Litt. 150.
52. Lamb. Archeiox. 24.
53. Madox. Hist. Exch. 109.
54. Spelm. Guil. I. in cod. leg. qut. vet apud Wilkins.
55. 4 Inst. 103-116.
56. Tit. hon. 2. 5. 16.
57. l. 3. tr. 2. c. 1. § 3.
58. 10 Edw. I. c. 11.
59. 28 Edw. I. c. 4.
60. 4 Inst. 88.
61. Lamb. Archeion. 65. 1 Roll. Abr. 385.
62. Stat. 31. Hen. VIII. c. 10.
63. of the office of lord chancellor. edit. 1651.
64. Madox. Mist. of exch 43.
65. 4 Rep. 64.
66. 4 Inst. 80.
67. Co. Litt. 171. F. N. B. 62.
68. Bro. Abr. tit. dower. 66. Moor. 565.
69. Bro. Abr. t. dismes. 10.
70. 2 Roll. Abr. 469.
71. Cro. Jac. 12.
72. Ycarbook, 18 Edw. III. 25. 17 Aff. 24. 29 Aff. 47. Dyer. 315. 1 Roll. Rep. 287. 4 Inst. 80.
73. The opinion of lord keeper North in 1682 (1 Vern. 131. 1 Equ. Caf. abr. 129.) that no such writ of error lay, and that an injunction might be issued against. it, seems not to have been well considered.
74. The council of conscience, instituted by John III, king of Portugal, to review the sentences of all inferior courts, and moderate them by equity (Mod. Un. Hist. xxii. 237.) seems rather to have been a court of appeal.
75. Thus too the parliament of Paris, the court of session in Scotland, and every other jurisdiction in Europe of which we have any tolerable account, found all their decisions as well upon principles of equity as those of positive law (Lord Kayms. h flor. lawtracts, I. 325. 330. princ of equity 44.)
76. Thus Cicero; "jam illis promisses non esse standum, quis non videt, quae coactus quis metu et deceptus aolo premiserit? quae quidem plerumque jure praetorio liberantur, nonnulla legibus." Office. l. 1.
77. l. 2. c. 7. fol. 23.
78. The matters cognizable in this court, immediately before its dissolution, were "almost all suits, that by color of equity, or supplication made to the prince, might be brought before him: but originally and properly all poor men's suits, which were made to his majesty by supplication; and upon which they were entitled to have right without payment of any money for the same." (Smith's commonwealth. b. 3. c. 7.)
79.Nemo ad regem appllet pro aliqua lite, nisi jus domi consequi non possit. Si jus nimis severeum fit, alleviatio deinde quaeratur apud regem. LL. Edg. c. 2.
80. Lambard. Archeion. 59.
81. Joannes Sarisburiensis (who died A. D. 1182, 26 Hen. II.) speaking of the chancellor's office in the verses prefixed to his polycraticon, has these lines; Hic est, qui leges regni cancellat iniquas, Et mandata pii principis aequa facit.
82. A great variety of new precedents of writs, in cases before unprovided for, are given by this very statute of Westm. 2.
83. Lamb. Archeion. 61.
84. This was the opinion of Fairfax, a very learned judge in the time of Edward the fourth. "Le subpoena (says he) ne serroit my cy soventement use come il est ore, si nous attendomus tiels actions sur les cases, et mainteinomus le jurisdiction de ceo court, et d'auter courts." (Yearb. 21. Edw. IV. 23.)
85. See book II. ch. 20.
86. Spelm Gloss. 106. 1. Lev. 242.
87. Lord Lyttelt. Hen. II. b. 3. p. 361. not.
88. 10 Hen. II. c. 15.
89. Yearb. 2 Hec. IV. 10. 38. Hen. VI. 29.
90. Rot. Parl. 4 Hen. IV, No. 78. & 110. 3 Hen. V. No. 46. cited in Prynne's abr. of Cotton's records. 410. 422. 424. 548. 4 Inst. 83. 1 Roll. Abr. 370, 371, 372.
91. Rot. parl. 14 Edw. IV. No. 33. (not 14 Edw. III. as cited 1 Roll. Abr. 370, etc.)
92. tit. chancery. fol. 296. Raftell's edit. A. D. 1534.
93. Spelm. Gloss. III. Dugd. chron Ser. 50.
94. Wriothesly, St John, and Hatton.
95. Goodrick, Gardiner, and Heath.
96. Biogr. Brit. 4278.
97. Bacon's works. IV. 611, 612. 632.
98. Whitelocke of parl. ii. 390. 1. Chan. Rep. append. 11.
99. "For that it appertains to our princely office only to judge over all judges, and to discern and determine such differences, as at any time may and shall arise between our several courts touching their jurisdictions, and the same to settle and determine, as we in our princely wisdom shall find to stand most with our honor, etc." (1 Chan. Rep. append. 26.)
100. See the entry in the council book, 26 July, 1616. (biogr. Brit. 1390.)
101. In a cause of the bishop of Winchester, touching a commendam, king James, conceiving that the matter affected his prerogative, sent letters to the judges not to proceed in it, till himself had been first consulted. The twelve judges joined in a memorial to his majesty, declaring that their compliance would be contrary to their oaths and the law: but upon being brought before the king in council, they all retracted and promised obedience in every such case for the future, except Sir Edward Coke, who said, "that when the case happened, he would do his duty." (Biogr. Brit. 1388.)
102. See that article in chap. 6.
103. See lord Ellesmere's speech to Sir Henry Montague, the new chief justice, 15 Nov. 1616. (Moor's reports. 828.) Though Sir Edward might probably have retained his seat, if during his suspension he would have complimented lord Villiers (the new favorite) with the disposal of the most lucrative office in his court. (biogr. Brit. 1391.)
104. 4 Inst. 119. 4 Bulstr. 146.
105. Seld. Tan. l. 2. §. 5. Spelm. Cod. 329.
106. Co. Litt. 293.
107. It would have been strange to have denied this consent, if, as Whitelocke imagines (on parl. ii. 260.) the hint of our justices of assize was taken from Samuel's going an annual circuit to judge Israel. 2 Sam vii. 16.
108. Instances hereof may be met with in the appendix to Spelman's original of the terms, and in Parker's ecclesiastical hist. 209.
109. Stat. 4. Edw. III. c. 2. 8 Ric. II. c. 2. 33 Hen. VIII. c. 24.
110. Ff. 1. 22. 3.
111. c. 9. 29. 4.
112. Salk. 454.
