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1. The Federalist, No. 33, 44; 1 Elliot's Deb. 293, 294, 300; 2 Elliot's Deb. 196, 342.
2. 1 Tuck. Black. Comm. App. 286, 287; 4 Elliot's Deb. 216, 217, 224, 225.
3. The Federalist, No. 33; 2 Elliot's Debates, 196; Hamilton on Bank, 2 Hamilton's Works, 121; M'Culloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheaton's R. 419.
4. M'Culloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheat. R. 409; 4 Elliot's Debates, 217, 218, 220, 221.
5. The Federalist, No. 44. See also President Monroe's Exposition and Message, 4th of May, 1822, p. 47; 3 Elliot's Deb. 318.
6. The Federalist, No. 44.
7. See The Federalist, No. 38, 44; 4 Wheat. R. 423; 4 Elliot's Deb. 218, 219.
8. M'Culloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheat. R. 406, 407, 423.
9. The Federalist, No. 44; 2 Elliot's Deb. 223.
10. M'Culloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheat. R. 407; 4 Elliot's Deb. 223, 224; Anderson v. Dunn, 6 Wheat. R. 204, 225, 226.
11. The Federalist, No. 44.
12. The Federalist, No. 44.
13. The Federalist, No. 33, 44.
14. Some few statesmen have contended, that the clause gave farther powers, than mere incidental powers. But their reasoning does not seem very clear or satisfactory. See Governor Randolph's Remarks, 2 Elliot's Debates, 342; Mr. Gerry's Speech in February, 1791, 4 Elliot's Debates, 295, 227. These Speeches are, however, valuable for some striking views, which they present, of the propriety of a liberal construction of the words.
15. See Virginia Report and Resolutions, Jan., 1800, p. 33, 34; 1 Tuck. Black. Comm. App. 287, 288; President Monroe's Exposition and Message, 4th of May, 1822, p. 47; 5 Marshall's Wash. App. note 3; 1 Hamilton's Works, 117, 121.
16. 4 Jefferson's Corresp. 525, 526; 4 Elliot's Deb. 216, 217, 224, 225, 267; M'Culloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheat. R. 412, 413.
17. Hamilton on Bank, 1 Hamilton's Works, 119; 5 Marshall's Wash. App. note 3, p. 9; Mr. Madison, 4 Elliot's Deb. 223.
18. United States v. Fisher, 2 Cranch, 358; 1 Peters's Cond. R. 421; Hamilton on Bank, 1 Hamilton's Works, 119; 5 Marshall's Wash. note 3, p. 9, 10; Mr. Madison, 4 Elliot's Deb. 223.
19. United States v. Fisher, 2 Cranch. R. 358; 1 Peters's Condens. R. 421.
20. See 4 Elliot's Debates, 265, 280.
21. Hamilton on Bank, 1 Hamilton's Works, 120.
22. Hamilton on Bank, 1 Hamilton's Works, 112.
23. Hamilton on Bank, 1 Hamilton's Works, 117; 5 Marshall's Wash. App. note 3, p. 8.
24. Hamilton on Bank, 1 Hamilton's Works, 129, 120; 5 Marshall's Wash. App. note 3, p. 9, 10; M'Culloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheat. R. 423.
25. Hamilton on Bank, 1 Hamilton's Works, 118; 5 Marshall's Wash. App. note 3, p. 9.
26. M'CuIloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheaton's R. 413 to 415. — In this case (4 Wheaton's R. 411 to 425,) there is a very elaborate argument of the Supreme Court upon the whole of this subject, a portion of which has been already extracted in the preceding Commentaries, on the rules of interpretation of the constitution.
27. M'CuIloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheat. R. 418.
28. Hamilton on Bank, 1 Hamilton's Works, 120, 121.
29. Hamilton on Bank, 1 Hamilton's Works, 122.
30. The Federalist, No. 33, 44.
31. M'Culloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheat. R. 418, 419.
32. M'CuIloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheat. R. 419, 420.
33. M'Culloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheat. R. 420.
34. M'Culloch v. Maryland, 4 Wheat. R. 420, 421, 423. See also 4 Elliot's Debates, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225; 2 Elliot's Debates, 196, 342; 5 Marsh. Wash. App. No. 3; 2 American Museum, 536; Anderson v. Dunn, 6 Wheat. It. 204, 225, 226; Hamilton on Bank, 1 Hamilton's Works, 111 to 123.
35. Hamilton on Bank, 1 Hamilton's Works, 115.
36. See Dugan v. United States, 3 Wheat. R. 173, 179, 180.
37. United States v. Tingey, 5 Peters's R. 115.
38. United States v. Bevans, 3 Wheaton's R. 388; The Exchange, 7 Cranch, 116; S.C. 2 Peters's Cond. R. 439.
39. Osborn v. Bank of U. States, 9 Wheat. R. 365, 366.
40. Id. 367.
41. Some minor points will be found in the debates collected in 4 Elliot's Debates, 139, 141, 229, 234, 235, 238, 239, 240, 243, 249, 251, 252, 261, 265, 266, 270, 271, 280. There is no express power given by the constitution to erect forts, or magazines, or light-houses, or piers, or buoys, or public buildings, or to make surveys of the coast; but they have been constantly deemed incidental to the general powers. Mr. Bayard's Speech in 1807, (4 Elliot's Debates, 265;) Mr. Pickering's Speech, 1817, (4 Elliot's Debates, 280.)