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1. The salt made use of for this purpose in Abyssinia has this defect, that it is continually wasting away.
2. Herodotus, Bk. i, tells us that the Lydians found out the art of coining money; the Greeks learned it from them: the Athenian coin had the impression of their ancient ox. I have seen one of those pieces in the Earl of Pembroke's cabinet.
3. It is an ancient custom in Algiers for the father of a family to have a treasure concealed in the earth. -- Laugier de Tassis, History of the Kingdom of Algiers.
4. Cæsar, De Bello Civ., iii.
5. Tacitus, Annals, vi. 17.
6. The Laws of the Saxons, 18.
7. See chapter 12 of this book.
8. Supposing a mark of eight ounces of silver to be worth forty-nine livres, and copper twenty sols per pound.
9. History of the Civil Wars of the Spaniards in the West Indies.
10. In France, Law's project was called by this name.
11. Socrates, History of the Church, ii. 17.
12. There is much specie in a place when there is more specie than paper; there is little, when there is more paper than specie.
13. With the expenses of carriage and insurance deducted.
14. In 1744.
15. See book xx. 23.
16. Pliny, Natural History, xxxiii, art. 13.
17. Ibid.
18. They received ten ounces of copper for twenty.
19. They received sixteen ounces of copper for twenty.
20. Pliny, xxxiii, art. 5.
21. Freinshemius, dec. 2, v.
22. Ibid. They struck also, says the same author, half denarii, called quinarii; and quarters, called sesterces.
23. An eighth, according to Budæus; according to other authors, a seventh.
24. Pliny, Natural History, xxxiii, art. 13.
25. Ibid.
26. See Father Joubert, Science of Medals, p. 59, Paris, 1739.
27. Extract of Virtues and Vices.
28. See Savote, part II, 12, and Le Journal des Savants of the 28th of July, 1681, on a discovery of fifty thousand medals.
29. See Savote, ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Chapter 21.
32. England.
33. We do not speak here of gold and silver considered as a merchandise.
34. Tacitus, Annals, vi. 16.
35. Usury and interest among the Romans signified the same thing.
36. See Dionysius Halicarnassus, who has described it so well.
37. Usuræ semisses, trientes, quadrantes. See the several titles of the digests and codes on usury, and especially Leg. 17, with the note, ff. de usuris.
38. See Appius's speech on this subject, in Dionysius Halicarnassus, v.
39. Annals, vi. 16.
40. In the year of Rome 388. -- Livy, vi. 25.
41. Unciaria usura. -- Ibid., vii. 16.
42. Annals, vi. 16.
43. Under the consulate of L. Manlius Torquatus and C. Plautius, according to Livy, vii. 27. This is the law mentioned by Tacitus, Annals, vi.
44. Semiunciaria usura.
45. As Tacitus says. Annals, vi.
46. This law was passed at the instance of M. Genucius, tribune of the people. -- Livy, vii, towards the end.
47. Verteri jam more foenus receptum erat. -- Appian. On the Civil War, i.
48. Permisit eos legibus agere. -- Ibid.; and theEpitome of Livy, lxiv.
49. In the year of Rome 663.
50. Book xi. 19.
51. Letters to Atticus, v. 21.
52. Livy, xxxv. 7.
53. Ibid.
54. In the year 561 of Rome. -- See Livy, xxv. 7.
55. Annals, vi. 16.
56. In the year 615 of Rome.
57. See Letters to Atticus, iv. 15, 16.
58. Ibid., vi. i.
59. Pompey having lent 600 talents to King Ariobarzanes, made that prince pay him thirty Attic talents every thirty days. -- Ibid., v. 21, vi. 1.
60. Ut neque Salaminiis, neque cui eis dedisset, fraudi esset. -- Ibid.
61. Cicero's edict fixed it to one per cent a month, with interest upon interest at the expiration of the year. With regard to the farmers of the republic, he engaged them to grant a respite to their debtors; if the latter did not pay at the time fixed, he awarded the interestmentioned in the bond. -- Ibid., vi. 1.
62. See what Lucretius says, in the 21st letter to Atticus, v. There was even a general Senatus Consultum, to fix the rate of interest at one per cent per month. See the same letter.
63. Leg. 12, ff. de verb. signif.