Montesquieu: Education Ought to Relate to the Principles of Government

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* NOW - Buy this resource online! Click here * That the Laws of Education Ought to Be in Relation to the Principles of Government1. Of the Laws of Education.2. Of Education in Monarchies.3. Of Education in a Despotic Government.4. Difference between the Effects of Ancient and Modern Education.5. Of Education in a Republican Government.6. Of some Institutions among the Greeks.7. In what Cases these singular Institutions may be of Service.8. Explanation of a Paradox of the Ancients in respect to Manners. FOOTNOTES
   1. See d'Aubigny's History.
   2. We mention here what actually is, and not what ought to be; honour is a prejudice, which religion sometimes endeavours to remove, and at other times to regulate.
   3. Politics, i. 13.
   4. Philopoemen obliged the Lacedœmonians to change their manner of educating their children, being convinced that if he did not take this measure they would always be noted for their magnanimity. -- Plutarch, Philopoemen. See Livy, xxxviii.
   5. She defended her laws and liberty for the space of three years. See the 98th, 99th, and 100th book of Livy, in Florus's epitome. She made a braver resistance than the greatest kings.
   6. Florus, i. 16.
   7. In fece Romuli. -- Cicero, Letters to Atticus, ii. 1.
   8. The Indians of Paraguay do not depend on any particular lord; they pay only a fifth of the taxes, and are allowed the use of firearms to defend themselves.
   9. Plutarch in his Questions Concerning the Greek Affairs, xxix.
   10. Such as were formerly the cities of Greece.
   11. Republic, iv.
   12. Politics, viii. 5.
   13. Pelopidas.
   14. Plato, in his seventh book of Laws, says that the prœfectures of music and gymnic exercises are the most important employments in the city; and, in his Republic, iii, Damon will tell you, says he, what sounds are capable of corrupting the mind with base sentiments, or of inspiring the contrary virtues.
   15. Memorabilia, v.
   16. Politics, iii. 4.
   17. Diophantes, says Aristotle, Politics, ii. 7, made a law formerly at Athens, that artisans should be slaves to the republic.
   18. Plato, likewise, and Aristotle require slaves to till the land, Laws, viii. Politics, vii. 10. True it is that agriculture was not everywhere exercised by slaves: on the contrary, Aristotle observes the best republics were those in which the citizens themselves tilled the land: but this was brought about by the corruption of the ancient governments, which had become democratic: for in earlier times the cities of Greece were subject to an aristocratic government.
   19. Cauponatio.
   20. Book v.
   21. Aristotle, Politics, vii-viii.
   22. Ibid., viii. 3.
   23. Aristotle observes that the children of the Lacedœmonians, who began these exercises at a very tender age, contracted thence too great a ferocity and rudeness of behaviour. -- Ibid., viii. 4.
   24. Pelopidas.