1.de jure Saxonum, p. 12.
2. Sp. L. b. 30. c. 18. Capitul. Lud. pii. A. D. 819. c. 2.
3. Wilk LL. Angl. Sax. 117.
4.de jure Sueonum. l. I. c. 4.
5. LL. lougob. l. 3. t. 8. l. 4.
6. F. N. B. 4.
7. l. 2. c. 11-21.
8. Finch. l. 412. 1 Leon. 303.
9. Append. No. II. § 4.
10. Append. No. II. § 4.
11. See pag. 58.
12. Fortesc. de Laud. LL. c. 25.
13. Hist. C. L. c. 12.
14. 4 Burr. 252.
15. K. v. Bp. of Worcester. M. 23 Geo. II. B. R.
16. 2 Whitclocke of parl. 211.
17. Stiernhook de jure Goth. l. 1. c. 4.
18. Gilb. Hist. C. P. c. 8.
19. d Laud. LL. c. 25.
20. 1 Inst. 157.
21. Cod. 3. 1. 16. Decretal. i. 2. t. 28. c. 36.
22. l. 5. c. 15.
23. l. 6. c. 37.
24. Co. Litt. 294.
25. 1 Inst. 156.
26. Cro. Eliz 566.
27. Finch. L. 401.
28. In the nembda, or jury, or the ancient Goths, three challenges only were allowed to the favor, but the principal challenges were indefinite. "Licebat palam excipere, et semper ex probabili causa tres repudiari; etiam plures ex causa praegnanti et manifesta." ["They might openly except to, and always refuse three for a probable cause; and even more for a pregnant and manifest cause."] (Stiernhook l. 1. c. 4.)
29. Co. Litt. 158.
30. F. N. B. 166. Reg. Brev. 179.
31. Append. No. II. § 4.
32. 1 Inst. 155.
33. Pausanias relates, that at the trial of Mars, for murder, in the court denominated areopagus from that incident, he was acquitted by a jury composed of twelve pagan deities. And Dr Hickes, who attributes the introduction of this number to the Normans, (though he allows the institution of juries in general to be of much higher antiquity in England) tells us that among the inhabitants of Norway, from whom the Normans as well as the Danes were descended, a great veneration was paid to the number twelve; "nihil sanctius, nihil antiquius fuit; perinde ac si in ipso hoc numero secreta quaedam esset religio." ["Nothing was esteemed more sacred, nothing more venerable than this number, as though it contained within itself something holy."] (Dissert. epistolar. 4.)
34. pro Cluentio. 43.
35. Ascon. in Cic. Verr. 1. 6.
36. Ff. 22. 3. 2. Cod. 4. 19. 23.
37. Fortesc. c. 26.
38. This is admirably well performed in lord chief baron Gilbert's excellent treatise of evidence; a work which it is impossible to abstract or abridge, without losing some beauty and destroying the chain of the whole; and which has lately been engrafted into that learned and useful work, the introduction to the law of nisi prius. 4to. 1767.
39. Law of nisi prius. 266.
40. Salk. 285.
41. Gail. observat. 2. 20. 23.
42.Instrumenta domestica, seu adnotatio, si non aliis quoque adminiculis adjuventur, ad probationem sola non sufficiunt. (Cod. 4. 19. 5.) Nam exemplo perniciosum est, ut ei scripturae credatur, qua unusquisque sibi adnotatione propria debitorem constituit. [Private instruments, or memoranda, unless supported by other evidence, are not alone sufficient proof. For it is a dangerous precedent to give credit to any memorandum by which the writer makes another man his debtor.] (Ibid. l. 7.)
43. Pott. Antiq. b. 1. c. 21.
44. Law of nisi prius, 267.
45. Cod. 4. 20. 9.
46. Co. Litt. 373.
47. Ibid. 6.
48. Gilb. evid. 161.
49. Co. Litt. 373.
50. Reg. Br. 182. 2 Inst. 487.
51. Co. Littt. 72. 5 Rep. 104.
52. Hale's Hist. C. L. 254, 5, 6.
53. Instit. orat. l. 5. c. 7.
54. See his epistle to Varus, the legate or judge of Cilicia: "tu magis scire potes, quanta fides sit habenda testibus; qui, et cujus dignitatis, et cujus aestimationis sint; et, qui simpliciter visi sint dicere; utrum unum eundemque meditatum sermonem attulerint, an ad ea quae interrogaveras extempore verisimilia responderint." ["You are better able to judge what faith is to be placed in witnesses; who they are, and in what credit and estimation they are held; whether they seem to speak ingenuously, and whether their answers to your questions be preconcerted, or the expressions of the moment."] (Ff. 22. 5. 3.)
55. Year book, 14 Hen. VII. 29. Hob. 227. 1 Lev. 87.
56. Vaugh. 148, 149.
57. Styl. 233. 1 Sid. 133.
58. ch. 2.
59. Mirr. c. 4. § 24.
60. Lib. Ass. fol. 40. pl. 11.
61. See Barrington on the statutes. 17, 18, 19.
62. Stiernh. l. 1. c. 4.
63. pag. 275.
64. If the judge has adjourned the court to his own lodgings, and there receives the verdict, it is a public and not a privy verdict.
65. Litt. § 386.
66. Montesq. Sp. L. xi. 6.
67. 2 Whitelocke of parl. 427.
68. Mod. Un. Hist. xxxiii. 22.
69. Ibid. 17.
70. See pag. 75.
71. Stra. 1777.
72. See pag. 294.
73. This, among a number of other instances, was the case of the issues directed by the house of lords in the cause between the duke of Devonshire and the miners of the county of Derby, A. D. 1762.
74. LL. Edw. Conf. c. 32. Wilk. 203.
75. See pag. 360.
