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1. of parliaments. 57.
2. See Spelman of feuds, and Wright of tenures, per tot.
3. De jure feud. 19, 20.
4. Wright: 7.
5. Spelm. Gl. 216.
6. Pontoppidan in his history of Norway (page 290) observes, that in the northern languages odh signifies proprietas [property] and all totum [the whole]. Hence he derives the odhal right in those countries; and hence too perhaps is derived the udal right in Finland, etc. (See Mac Doual. Inst. Part. 2.) Now the transposition of these northern syllables, allodh, will give us the true etymology of the allodium, or absolute property of the feudists; as, by a similar combination of the latter syllable with the word fee (which signifies, we have seen, a conditional reward or stipend) feeodh or feodum will denote stipendiary property.
7. See this Oath explained at large in Feud. l. 2. t. 7.
8. Feud. l. 2. t. 24.
9. Wright. 8,
10. L. Florus. l. 3. c. 3.
11. "Sola, quae de hostibus capta sunt limitaneis ducibus et militibus donavit; ita ut eorum ita essent, si haeredes illorum militarent, nec unquam ad privatos pertinerent: dicens attentius illos militaturos, si etiam sua rura defenderent. Addidit sane his et animalia et servos, ut possent colere quod acceperant; nec per inopiam hominum vel per senectutem deserentur rura vicina barbariae, quod turpissimum ille ducebat." ["The lands which were taken from the enemy on the borders he gave to his generals and soldiers; on condition that their heirs should be soldiers, and never belong to private stations: saying, that they would fight more resolutely, if they at the same time defended their own lands. He also gave animals and slaves with them, that they might cultivate what they had acquired; lest, through want of men, or by reason of old age, the neighboring lands should be utterly neglected, a thing which he considered most disgraceful."] (æl. Lamprid. In vita Alex. Severi.)
12. Wright. 10.
13. Gravin. Orig. l. 1. §. 139.
14. Spelm. Gloss. 218. Bract. l. 2. c. 16. §. 7.
15. Crag. l. 1. t. 4.
16. A. D. 108;
17. Rex tenuit magnum concilium, et graves sermones habuti cum suis proceribus de hac terra, quo modo incoleretur, et a quibus hominibus. [The King held a great council, and had important debates with his nobles concerning this land, how it should be inhabited and by what men.] Chron. Sax. Ibid.
18. Omnes praedia tenentes, quotquot essent notae melioris per totam Angliam, ejus homines facti sunt, et omnes sfe illi subdidere, ejusque facti sunt vassalli, ac ei fidelitatis juramenta praestiterunt, se contra alios quoscunque illi fidos futuros. [All holding such estates as were of a better condition throughout all England became his men, subjected themselves to him, were made his vassals, and took the oath of fealty, that they would be faithful to him against all, whomsoever they might be.] Chron. Sax. A. D. 1086.
19. cap. 52. Wilk. 228.
20. Tenures. 66.
21. cap. 58. Wilk. 228.
22. Montesq. Sp. L. b. 31. c. 8.
23. Pharoah thus acquired the dominion of all the lands in Egypt, and granted them out to the Egyptians, reserving an annual render of the fifth part of their value. (Gen. c. 47.)
24. Spelm. of feuds, c. 28.
25. Wright. 81.
26. LL. Hen. I. c. 3.
27. 9 Hen. III.
28. Litt. §. 85.
29. It was an observation of Dr. Arbuthnot, that tradition was nowhere preserved so pure and incorrupt as among children, whose games and plays are delivered down invariably from one generation to another. (Warburton's notes on Pope. vi. 134. 80.) Perhaps it may be thought puerile to observe (in confirmation of this remark) that in one of our ancient pastimes (the bafilinda of Julius Pollux, Onomastic. l. 9.c. 7.) the ceremonies and language of feudal homage are preserved with great exactness.
30. Feud. l. 2. t. 55.
31. Feud. l. 1. t. 1.
32. Thus Tacitus: (de mor. Germ. c. 26.) "agri ab universis per vices occupantur: arva per annos mutant." ["They all occupy the lands by turns: the arable lands they change annually."] And Caesar yet more fully; (de bell. Gall. l. 6. c. 21.) "Neque quisquam agri modum certum, aut fines proprios habet; sed magistratus et principes, in annos singulos, gentibus et cognationibus hominum qui una coierunt quantum cis et quo loco visum est, attribuunt agri, atque anno post alio transire cogunt." ["Neither has any one a certain proportion or fixed boundaries to his land; but the magistrates and princes every year assign to the people, and the kindred of those men who have assembled together, as much land, and in whatever place, as seems to them fit, and oblige them the next year to remove from it to another portion."]
33. Send. l. t. 1.
34. Wright. 14.
35. Wright. 17.
36. Ibid. 183.
37. Feud. 2. t. 55.
38. Wright. 32.
39. Ibid. 29.
40. Ibid. 30.
41. Wright. 20.
42. Feud. 2. t. 7.